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Requirements January 1930 until June 1953

Submit evidence of study and experimentation in Chemistry and demonstrate his ability to apply the knowledge gained in discussing points outlined in Part I, and carry out the experiments suggested in Part II.

PART I

1. In building a fire, one whittles or breaks sticks into small splints, starts the fire with a match, flint and steel, friction, or burning glass, and aids it with gentle fanning.  Gentle fanning will aid, but violent fanning will extinguish a small flame.  Very dry wood gives a hot fire; green or moderately wet wood will burn but give out little heat, while very wet wood will not burn.  Discuss each point.

2. Suppose one has three very large bell jars or bottles inverted over a trough of lime water, thus enclosing air and sealing so that air can neither escape nor enter.  Suppose one puts a boy into one, a lighted candle the size of the boy into the second, and a piece of phosphorus the size of the boy in the third.  Soon the water will begin to rise in each.  When the water has replaced 11% of the air in the first, the boy will collapse; when 6% of the air in the second is replaced, the candle will cease to burn; and when 21% of the air is replaced in the third, no more change will take place.  Fully interpret and explain.

3. Give (a) a list of the sources of water

(b) a list of the uses of water
(c) a list of the impurities found in water
(d) a classification, with respect to injurious nature, of the impurities.
(e) the special problems confronted in obtaining, treating and storing water for drinking purposes.

4. A good Scout keeps his knife, axe and iron cooking utensils clean and dry, and as far as possible equips himself with aluminum canteens, etc.  Explain.

5. Every boy uses salt in seasoning his food.  Assume he has a salt mine and the whole world is dependent upon his mine and upon his knowledge of what might be done with it.  Give a full discussion of what he might produce, provided all other chemicals and our present-day chemical machinery were available.

PART II

6. Prepare and collect two of the following gases:

    Oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine and ammonia.

7. Find out which, if any, of five substances given him are carbonates, sulphides or chlorides.

8. Find out which, if any, of several liquids or solutions given him are acids or bases.

9. Extract metallic copper from its black oxide.

10. Give two experimental demonstrations that some substances catalyze certain reactions.

Requirements June 1953 until June 1954

1.  Do one of the following:  (a) Collect ten compounds or elements found in the home and write the common name, chemical name, and formula or symbol for each. (b) In company with your counselor, follow a route selected by him and name fifteen compounds or elements found in nature or in objects seen along the way.

2. Perform experiments to illustrate four of the following chemical reactions:  (a) neutralization, using an indicator; (b) precipitation of a solid from solution; (c) evolution of a gas; (d) combination of two elements to form a compound; (e) replacement of a metal in a salt by another metal.

3. Demonstrate and discuss the chemistry of a candle flame.  Relate this knowledge to the burning of wood as in a campfire.  Explain how water and sand act to extinguish campfires.  Tell what methods are recommended for extinguishing fires involving: cooking fat, oil or gasoline, electrical equipment.  Explain how each functions.

4. Explain the changes that occur in nature's (a) water cycle, (b) carbon-oxygen cycle, (c) nitrogen cycle.  Describe the chemical reaction that takes place in carbon monoxide poisoning.

5. Explain what is meant by "hard water" and "soft water".  Do one of the following: (a) Perform experiments to show how the hardness of water may be reduced. (b) Demonstrate the action of soap and synthetic detergents in hard water and explain any differences observed.

6. Tell how the chemical properties of iron, aluminum, copper, and silver influence their usefulness as cooking utensils, as tools, or for other purposes around the camp and home.  Describe several means of preventing metal corrosion.

7. Do one of the following: (a) Visit an industrial plant that makes chemical products and describe the processes involved. (b) Visit a laboratory or a commercial establishment using chemical materials and find out how and why the materials are used. (c) Visit an experimental farm to learn how chemistry is meeting local problems of soil fertility and pest control. (d) Collect samples representing either the manufacture of chemicals from a common source, such as salt, sulfur, and petroleum, or the use of chemicals in the manufacture of a class of products such as textiles, drugs, or metals,  Be prepared to discuss with your counselor the chemistry of the subject chosen.

8. Explain how principles expressed in the Scout Oath and the Scout Law are observed by scientists.

Requirements June 1954 until September 1958

1.  Do one of the following:  (a) Collect ten compounds or elements found in the home and write the common name, chemical name, and formula or symbol for each. (b) In company with your counselor, follow a route selected by him and name fifteen compounds or elements found in nature or in objects seen along the way.

2. Perform experiments to illustrate four of the following chemical reactions:  (a) neutralization, using an indicator; (b) precipitation of a solid from solution; (c) evolution of a gas; (d) combination of two elements to form a compound; (e) replacement of a metal in a salt by another metal.

3. Demonstrate and discuss the chemistry of a candle flame.  Relate this knowledge to the burning of wood as in a campfire.  Explain how water and sand act to extinguish campfires.  Tell what methods are recommended for extinguishing fires involving: cooking fat, oil or gasoline, electrical equipment.  Explain how each functions.

4. Explain the changes that occur in nature's (a) water cycle, (b) carbon-oxygen cycle, (c) nitrogen cycle.  Describe the chemical reaction that takes place in carbon monoxide poisoning.

5. Explain what is meant by "hard water" and "soft water".  Do one of the following: (a) Perform experiments to show how the hardness of water may be reduced. (b) Demonstrate the action of soap and synthetic detergents in hard water and explain any differences observed.

6. Tell how the chemical properties of iron, aluminum, copper, and silver influence their usefulness as cooking utensils, as tools, or for other purposes around the camp and home.  Describe several means of preventing metal corrosion.

7. Do one of the following:

a. Visit an industrial plant that makes chemical products and describe the process involved.

b. Visit a laboratory or a commercial establishment using chemical materials and find out how and why the materials are used.

c. Visit an experimental farm to learn how chemistry is meeting local problems of soil fertility and pest control.

d. Collect samples representing, (1) the manufacture of chemicals from a common source, such as salt, sulfur, or petroleum; OR, (2) the use of chemicals in the manufacture of a class of products such as textiles, drugs, or metals.  Be prepared to discuss with your Counselor the chemistry of the subject chosen.

8. Do one of the following and be prepared to discuss with your Counselor the chemistry involved in it.

1. Make soap from materials available around the campsite or the home.

b. Make an electric cell and use it to demonstrate electroplating or the electrolysis of water.

c. Treat a piece of cloth or canvas to make it water-repellent.

d. Make a two-color flag or pennant by dyeing and/or bleaching cloth.

e. Perform experiments and chart experimental data to illustrate three different temperature effects of salts in solution.

9. Explain how principles expressed in the Scout Oath and the Scout Law are observed by scientists.

Requirements September 1958 until June 1972

1.  Do one of the following:  (a) Collect ten compounds or elements found in the home and write the common name, chemical name, and formula or symbol for each. (b) In company with your counselor, follow a route selected by him and name fifteen compounds or elements found in nature or in objects seen along the way.

2. Perform experiments to illustrate four of the following chemical reactions:  (a) neutralization, using an indicator; (b) precipitation of a solid from solution; (c) evolution of a gas; (d) combination of two elements to form a compound; (e) replacement of a metal in a salt by another metal.

3. Demonstrate and discuss the chemistry of a candle flame.  Relate this knowledge to the burning of wood as in a campfire.  Explain how water and sand act to extinguish campfires.  Tell what methods are recommended for extinguishing fires involving: cooking fat, oil or gasoline, electrical equipment.  Explain how each functions.

4. Explain the changes that occur in nature's (a) water cycle, (b) carbon-oxygen cycle, (c) nitrogen cycle.  Describe the chemical reaction that takes place in carbon monoxide poisoning.

5. Explain what is meant by "hard water" and "soft water".  Do one of the following: (a) Perform experiments to show how the hardness of water may be reduced. (b) Demonstrate the action of soap and synthetic detergents in hard water and explain any differences observed.

6. Tell how the chemical properties of iron, aluminum, copper, and silver influence their usefulness as cooking utensils, as tools, or for other purposes around the camp and home.  Describe several means of preventing metal corrosion.

7. Do one of the following: (a) Visit an industrial plant that makes chemical products and describe the processes involved. (b) Visit a laboratory or a commercial establishment using chemical materials and find out how and why the materials are used. (c) Visit an experimental farm to learn how chemistry is meeting local problems of soil fertility and pest control. (d) Collect samples representing either the manufacture of chemicals from a common source, such as salt, sulfur, and petroleum, or the use of chemicals in the manufacture of a class of products such as textiles, drugs, or metals,  Be prepared to discuss with your counselor the chemistry of the subject chosen.

8. Explain how principles expressed in the Scout Oath and the Scout Law are observed by scientists.