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Requirements June 1972 until August 1982

1. Do ONE of the following:

(a) Make a collection of different ores, rock-forming minerals, and fossils. Give name and use (or age) of each. (minimum, 20 specimens.)
(b) Make a collection of different sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. Name the important minerals found in each. Tell what use can be made of these rocks. (minimum, 10 specimens.)

2. Do ONE of the following:

(a) Visit a mine or quarry; oil or gas field; a gravel, clay, sand, or shell pit; or other like operation. Explain the deposit. Tell how the product is removed, transported, sold, and used. What safety precautions are used?
b) Visit your water system. Describe the source, quality, and amount of water needed for your town. Give its relation to your geology.

3.Get a topographic map of your home area. Study it. Explain the important geological features shown on it. (If you can't get a local map, study one of another place that you know. Air photos may be used instead of a topographic map.)

4. Do ONE of the following:

(a) Prepare a report including maps or drawings of the geological features on or below the surface of an area that you know.
(b) Describe how the soil was formed where you live, Tell the kinds of rock from which it came.
(c) Describe the earth materials used in your home or a public building. Tell where they came from. List those which you use every day. Tell where they came from.

ALTERNATIVE: In place of Nos. 4a or 4c, the counselor may make up a project of like merit. It must make use of some of the interesting geological features where you live.

Requirements August 1982 until January 1984.

1. Explain what geology means.

2. Do the following:

(a) Present a collection of 15 different rocks, with specimens of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks properly marked, cataloged, and displayed.
(b) Identify each of the 15 rocks, give their sources and their possible uses.

3. Do the following:

(a) Present a collection of 10 different minerals (or ores), properly marked, cataloged, and displayed.
(b) Identify each of the 10 minerals, give their sources and their possible uses.
(c) Show how to test a mineral for its hardness, color (by streak), density, and magnetism.

4. Describe the main steps in the geologic history of a mountain range. Draw simple diagrams to show anticline, syncline, fault, unconformity, strike, and dip.

5. Describe five energy sources related to geology, how they occur, and how they are used.

6. Do ONE of the following:

(a) Make a field trip to a locality or an area of special interest to you, following a topographic or geologic map of the area. Show your route on the map and describe geologic features you have observed. Display samples of geologic items found and brought home from the area.
(b) Visit a mine; oil or gas field; gravel, clay, sand, or shell pit; stone quarry; or other source of raw material. Describe the geology of the place.
(c) Visit with a city official, land-use planner, contractor, or geologist to identify two environmental problems related to geology in your community. Explain what is being done to minimize their impact.

Requirements January 1984 until September 1985

1. Explain what geology means.

2. Do the following:

(a) Present a collection of 15 different rocks, with specimens of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks properly marked, cataloged, and displayed.*
(b) Identify each of the 15 rocks, give their sources and their possible uses.

3. Do the following:

(a) Present a collection of 10 different minerals (or ores), properly marked, cataloged, and displayed.
(b) Identify each of the 10 minerals, give their sources and their possible uses.
(c) Show how to test a mineral for its hardness, color (by streak), density, and magnetism.

4. Describe the main steps in the geologic history of a mountain range. Draw simple diagrams to show anticline, syncline, fault, unconformity, strike, and dip.

5. Describe five energy sources related to geology, how they occur, and how they are used.

6. Do ONE of the following:

(a) Make a field trip to a locality or an area of special interest to you, following a topographic or geologic map of the area. Show your route on the map and describe geologic features you have observed. Display samples of geologic items found and brought home from the area.br> (b) Visit a mine; oil or gas field; gravel, clay, sand, or shell pit; stone quarry; or other source of raw material. Describe the geology of the place.
(c) Visit with a city official, land-use planner, contractor, or geologist to identify two environmental problems related to geology in your community. Explain what is being done to minimize their impact.

* Unless you live in an area where the variety of rock types are common, it will be best for you to buy them. Discuss with your counselor places to purchase samples. You can buy an assortment, or order specific ones by mentioning the rocks you want to describe.

Requirements September 1985 until January 2006

1. Explain what geology means.

Earth Materials

2. Make a collection of at least 10 different earth materials or geological specimens from your locality or an area of special interest to you. Label, to the best of your ability, classify, and explain the origin and use of the materials collected.*

3. Define rock. Discuss and define three classes of rocks. List the characteristics of each class, how they are formed, and how they are named.

4. Define mineral. Tell how to identify minerals. Tell how rocks and minerals differ. List five of the most common rock-forming minerals. Tell how they are identified. Tell how hardness, specific gravity, color, streak, cleavage, luster, and crystal form are useful in identifying minerals.

Earth Processes

5. Secure a topographic map of your home locality or an area of special interest to you. Explain the origin of the landscape, including any unusual features. Account for any influences of the landscape on the location of towns, parks, highways, railroads, airports, industries, or similar structures.

6. Draw a diagram of the hydrologic cycle and discuss it and its effects with your counselor.

7. Do ONE of the following:

(a) Tell about the occurrence of volcanoes on land and in the ocean. Describe the difference between intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous rocks.
(b) Describe the major steps in the geologic history of a mountain range. Describe an anticline, syncline, fault, strike, dip, and an unconformity. Discuss the relationship between mountain building and erosion in forming the present landscape.
(c) Describe the major features of an ocean floor between the shorelines on either side.

Earth History

8. Make a chart showing the geological eras and periods and show in what geologic time the rocks in your region were formed.

9. Do ONE of the following:

(a) Tell what fossils are and how they aid in understanding the story of the earth's history.
(b) Make a collection of 10 different fossils and identify them to the best of your ability.
(c) Discuss with your counselor the theory of continental drift.

Geology and People

10. Discuss two environmental problems related to geology. Tell how land-use planning relates to geology. Tell why faulting, landslides, waste disposal, pollution, water supply, and subsidence are important in land-use planning. Give an example of poor use of land in your area or of an environmental hazard in your area related to geologic features or processes.

11. Do ONE of the following:

(a) Describe five energy sources, how they occur, and how they are used today. Describe the source of the products supplied by your local utilities. Tell which of these products are related to geologic processes.
(b) Visit a mine, oil or gas field, gravel pit, stone quarry, or similar area of special interest to you. Make a collection of geologic specimens found at the site visited. Tell about the geology of the place.

Careers in Geology

12. Do ONE of the following:

(a) Read a pamphlet about careers in geology. Tell what you learned.
(b) Visit with a geologist, other than your counselor. Tell what he does. Find out how he prepared for the job.

13. Discuss with your counselor what you have learned about careers in geology and how to prepare for them.

*ALTERNATIVES: In place of requirement 2, you may present a collection of 10 different rocks, with specimens of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks properly marked, cataloged, and displayed.

OR you may present a collection of 10 different minerals (or ores) properly marked, cataloged, and displayed. Also identify each of the 10 minerals, and give their sources and possible uses.